Which stage is NOT part of the key tendering process?

The tendering process consists of several stages designed to ensure a structured and competitive bidding environment. The key stages typically include preparation, evaluation, and awarding the contract.

In this context, the negotiation stage is not considered a core part of the tendering process itself. While negotiation can occur post-evaluation with the preferred bidder, the tendering process primarily focuses on these initial stages to assess bids based on set criteria and ultimately award the contract based on that assessment.

Preparation involves drafting the tender documents, setting criteria for selection, and inviting tenders from potential suppliers. Evaluation is crucial for reviewing and scoring the bids to determine which suppliers meet the criteria and best fit the organization's needs. The award stage marks the conclusion of the tendering process, where the contract is officially given to the successful bidder.

Since negotiation may not be a formal step in the tendering process that all procurement activities necessitate and is generally regarded as separate from these key stages, identifying this stage as one that does not belong highlights the structured nature of public and competitive tenders.