What characterizes open tendering?

Open tendering is characterized by the principle that any supplier can submit a response to the tender invitation. This inclusivity allows for a broad range of potential bidders, encouraging competition and maximizing the opportunity for organizations to receive the best possible offers in terms of price and quality.

This approach is commonly employed in public procurement processes, where transparency and equal opportunity are critical. By allowing any interested and qualified supplier to participate, open tendering helps ensure that the procurement process is fair, transparent, and accountable. It can lead to improved outcomes for the organization by promoting innovation and efficiency through a wider selection of proposals.

While the other options describe scenarios that may be related to restricted or direct procurement processes, they do not align with the fundamental characteristics of open tendering. Pre-approval, direct negotiation, and limitations to local suppliers would all restrict participation and contradict the essence of open tendering as a means to ensure accessibility for all qualified suppliers.